Although not required by regulations in many areas, terpene testing is performed to characterize the aroma and flavor profile of various cannabis products and to support research regarding the health benefits of cannabis. Terpenes are more specifically classified as monoterpenes, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenes, and sesquiterpenoids. Terpenes are typically analyzed by gas chromatography, and due to the structural isomerism of terpenes, chromatographic resolution and unique fragmentation patterns are essential for correct identification.

Terpene analysis can be accomplished using the Waters Xevo TQ-GC or Xevo APGC-MS/MS with liquid injection, which are the same systems used for pesticide and residual solvent testing. While many labs choose to have separate systems for each assay, having fewer systems with flexible capabilities can be attractive to start-ups that are looking to save upfront capital and increase lab capacity as they grow.